Definition of Working Memory and Strategies for Success

Working memory is a short-term, cognitive function with limited capacity that gathers sensory input and memories to complete a mental activity. When sensory information passes through the short term memory and reaches our conscious awareness, working memory processes the information through internal thoughts, visualizations (visual and spatial), and one's inner voice (verbal working memory). It acts like a mental workspace that allows one to manage attention, manipulate information and access prior knowledge for long term memory.  Working memory capacity is limited to 4-9 elements, but memory strategies can increase it with the use of strategies such as chunking.  The working memory model below helps you to see that working memory is a vital component of executive functioning (depicted as the conductor or central executive of the brain). You can take an in depth workshop with me, if you would like to learn more! 

The image below is a depiction from the research of Baddeley et al. that unveils the phonological loop as well as the visual spatial sketchpad. 

When students have a strong working memory, it is easy for them to do a number of helpful cognitive tasks that encode new material and places information into long term memory.  In particular, working memory allows one to:

1. Spotlight on Focus: Managing Attention A good working memory acts as a conductor, orchestrating the student's cognitive resources to manage attention efficiently. It allows them to tune out distractions and center their focus on the learning task, ensuring that their mental energy is directed appropriately.

2. The Mental Workshop: Conducting Mental Math and Problem Solving Students with a developed working memory have a mental workshop where they can perform complex calculations and work through problems without the need for external aids, fostering independence and confidence in their academic abilities.

3. The Art of Following Directions: Executing a Series of Directives Like a skilled navigator, a student with a strong working memory can chart the course from one task to another, following a series of instructions with precision and thus, successfully completing multi-step processes.

4. The Encoding and Retrieval Machine: Handling Information Working memory serves as a crucial cog in the machinery of learning, facilitating the encoding of new information and the retrieval of that information from long-term memory, a process vital for building knowledge and expertise.

5. The Endurance Runner: Maintaining Stamina in Complex Tasks A robust working memory provides the stamina needed to tackle and persevere through demanding tasks. It's the mental endurance runner that keeps the student going when faced with lengthy assignments or intricate projects.

6. The Juggler: Taking Notes While Listening Effective note-taking while actively listening to a lesson requires a delicate balancing act, one that is made possible by a strong working memory. It allows students to capture critical information without losing track of the ongoing lesson, thus enhancing their learning experience and retention.

Each of these facets illustrates why a good working memory is not just beneficial but crucial for students. It is the silent force that underpins their learning journey, turning challenges into opportunities for growth and achievement.